The answer about the nature of time has to start with photons.
The next issue about the nature of time that needs to be considered is that we are life forms. The complex arrangement of these particles from which we are made can only be maintained at the cost of energy from the outside, or we decay and fall apart, which causes death. The process that maintains our structure is called metabolism and takes place over time. It is very important because even though the Universe consists of events arranged in three dimensions of space and one dimension of time, we cannot experience these events suspended, frozen as they might be fundamentally. Being alive and thinking about them are processes during which the Universe changes around us. Mental operations involve electrical action potentials traveling in our nerves over time too.
When the simplest, first forms of life came to be, they could only experience the present. Later, they evolved memory because it improved the efficiency of acquiring energy, which they needed for sustaining their structure. They evolved to remember where energy, which was food, got already depleted so that they wouldn’t need to go there again, or they remembered where energy could be found repeatedly. This characteristic of theirs, the memory became more complex in even more sophisticated forms of life, like humans. Our memory and brain can even anticipate the future with what it already knows, and it has a dedicated subsystem to create motion and sense from past events. It creates a narrative, a movie that we call our lives. It generates private sensation of the passage of time out of still events from which the Universe is made on multiple levels of organization of matter down to the simplest particles.
Finally, the particles might not be fundamental if Quantum Field Theory proves true because they might be excitations of even more fundamental fields.
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